Sources for Quick Trip to 8 Billion Poster

Infographic Side

STATE OF THE GLOBAL FAMILY: THEN AND NOW

Population Size: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File GEN/01/REV1: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100.

Population Growth Rate: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File GEN/01/REV1: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100.

Life Expectancy: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File GEN/01/REV1: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100.

Total Fertility Rate: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File GEN/01/REV1: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100.

Population with Access to Electricity: Current data: IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2023. Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report. World Bank, Washington DC; Historical data: Barnes, Douglas F., Rural Energy and Development: Improving Energy Supplies for 2 Billion People, World Bank, 1996.

Size of Global Middle Class: Kharas, Homi (2017). The Unprecedented Expansion of the Global Middle Class: An Update. Global Economy & Development Working Paper 100, February 2017. Brookings Institute, Washington, DC; Pew Charitable Trusts, The State of the Global Middle Class, Summer 2016, Trend Magazine.

Women in Parliaments: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Historical, 2022 Data: Parline database on national parliaments, Averages as of December 1, 2022; accessed September 6, 2023.

Average Years of School: Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (2018). Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2022. Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. New York.

Urban Population: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects 2018. File 2: Percentage of Population at Mid-Year Residing in Urban Areas by Region, Subregion, Country and Area, 1950-2050.

Internet Users: We Are Social & Meltwater (2023), “Digital 2023 Global Overview Report” retrieved on 01 June 2023.

Number of Passenger Cars: Davis, S.C. and Boundy, R.G. (February 2022).Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 40. Oakridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. Table 3.2 Car Registrations for Selected Countries, 1960-2019. Data source: Wards Communications. Hedges & Company Automotive Market Research. How Many Cars Are There in the World in 2023? (Blog).

Air Kilometers Flown: International Civic Aviation Organization; Airlines for America (February 22, 2023). World Airlines Traffic and Capacity. Note: Data listed for the 2022 is actually 2019 (the most recent pre-pandemic data).

Global Plastics Production: 1974 data: Geyer, R., Jambeck, J.R., and Law, K. L. (July 19, 2017). Supplemental Materials for Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, AAAS; 2022 data: Plastics Europe, Plastics — The Facts 2022.

Mobile Phone Users: We Are Social & Meltwater (2023), “Digital 2023 Global Overview Report” retrieved on 01 June 2023.

Average Global Temperature: National Weather Service, Average Annual Temperature by Year, 1875-2022.

Atmospheric Concentration of CO2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Resources Mined from Earth: UN Environment Programme, International Resource Panel, Global Material Flow Database. Note: latest data is for 2019 (as of September 7, 2023). Resources mined categories include fossil fuels, metal ores, and non-metallic minerals.

PEOPLE & SOCIETY

Growth of Urban Population: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects 2018. File 4: Rural Population at Mid-Year by Region, Subregion, Country and Area, 1950-2050 (thousands); File 3: Urban Population at Mid-Year by Region, Subregion, Country and Area, 1950-2050 (thousands).

Number of Cities with 1+ Million People: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects 2018. File 17b: Number of Cities Classified by Size Class of Urban Settlement, Region, Subregion, Country and Area, 1950-2035.

World Population Growth and Projections: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File GEN/01/REV1: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100; World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results, Fig. III.3 (p. 30).

Did you know? (Megacities): United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects 2022.

Women’s Education and Fertility: Barro-Lee Educational Attainment Dataset v. 3.0 (September 2021); United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). Data Portal, custom data acquired via website. United Nations: New York. Available from (accessed 11 October 2022).

International Migrants: International Organization on Migration,World Migration Report 2022.p. 23, Table 1. International migrants 1970-2020.

Tanzania, Peru and Norway Population Pyramids: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022. File POP/02-2: Male population by five-year age group, region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100 (thousands); File POP/02-3: Female population by five-year age group, region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100 (thousands).

HEALTH & WELLNESS

Access to Safely Managed Water & Sanitation: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme ( JMP ) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. The data used is for Households. [Notes: Safely Managed Drinking Water is drinking water from an improved water source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination. Safely Managed Sanitation is the use of improved facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or removed and treated offsite.]

Maternal and Child Mortality in LDCs: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division); Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2023. Retrieved from World Bank Data.

Did you know? (Measles vaccines): World Health Organization. (August 9, 2023). Measles – Key Facts.

ENVIRONMENT

Ecological Footprint: Global Footprint Network, Ecological Footprint (Number of Earths) (Retrieved September 8, 2023).

Disappearing Coral: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020, Eddy, T., et.al., (September 17, 2021). Global decline in capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services.One Earth, Vol. 4, Issue 9.

Did you know? (coral reefs): National Ocean Service, NOAA, The Importance of Coral Reefs.

Shrinking Biodiversity: WWF, Living Planet Index 2022, Global Biodiversity Loss 1970-2018.

Tropical Rainforest Loss: Amazon data: Butler, R.A., What’s the deforestation rate in the Amazon? Mongabay, Indonesia data through 2015: Tsujino, et.al. (2016). Hisotry of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, Vol. 57, pp.335-347, Indonesia data 2016-2021: World Resources Institute, Global Forest Review (accessed October 26, 2022).

Number of Climate-Related Disasters: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and UN Office for Disaster Risk Reducation (UNDRR). (2020). Human Cost of Disasters: An overview of the last 20 years, 2000-2019. Fig. 2, Total disaster events by type: 1980-1999 vs. 2000-2019.

Energy Use Uneven Across the Globe: Our World in Data, Primary energy consumption per capita, measured in kilowatt-hours per person per year. 1965-2022. OWID sources include: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA); Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Gapminder (v7), UN World Population Prospects 2022, HYDE (v3.2). [Note: Kilowatt hours converted to barrels of oil equivalent – 1 barrel of oil = 1699.41 kwh]

Population and Carbon Emissions: Historical data: Boden, T.A., Marland, G., & Andres, R.J.,Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2Emissions (1751-2014). (V. 2017).United States. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017. 2022 Data: Liu, Z., Deng, Z., Davis, S. et.al. (April 2023). Monitoring global carbon emissions in 2022.National Review Earth & Environment. Vol. 4, pp. 205–206.

Global Use of Renewable Energy: International Energy Agency. January 2023. Renewables 2022: Analysis and forecast to 2027; International Energy Agency. Global electricity generation by technology, 2015, 2021 and 2027, IEA, Paris.

Did you know? (energy use in Canada/Bangladesh): Energy Institute. 2023 Statistical Review of World Energy. [Primary energy: Consumption per capita 2022 data (Canada = 367.8 gigajoules; Bangladesh = 10.5 gigajoules.]

FOOD & AGRICULTURE

Number of Undernourished People in the World: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT Search (Number of people undernourished, 2000-2022, Retrieved September 9, 2023.

Global Meat Production: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT Search (Crop and livestock products 1961-2021, Retrieved September 9, 2023). Our World in Data, Global meat production 1961-2021. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Meat Market Review: Emerging trends and outlook. FAO, Rome. 2022.

Percent of Population Experiencing Water Stress: World Resources Institute. Aqueduct 3.0: Updated Decision-Relevant Global Water Risk Indicators.

Did you know? (livestock and greenhouse gas emissions): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), sourced in Our World in Data, Global land use for food production. Jones, C.M. (April 12, 2019). Cars, Cows, Coal or Consumption: Which Contributes Most to Climate Change? (Blog) CoolClimateNetwork, University of California, Berkeley.

Timeline Side

Billion Milestone Markers (Population, Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate and Child Survival Rate):

U.S. Population Milestones: 10 million in 1820s; 100 million in 1916; 200 million in 1967; 300 million in 2006, U.S. Census Bureau.