Antibiotics

bottle of Penicillin

Penicillin (first discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928) is developed into an antibiotic by Howard Florey and Ernest Chain, transforming medicine worldwide. Commercial production of penicillin began toward the end of World War II and saved tens of thousands of Allied soldiers’ lives. Antibiotics have since saved countless lives. In 1900, before penicillin was discovered, the three leading causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea and enteritis, which (together with diphtheria) caused one third of all deaths. Overuse of antibiotics in recent decades has created drug-resistant pathogens, reducing the therapeutic effect of what was once considered “miracle drugs.”

World Population : 170,060,000

Avg. number of children per womanFertility Rate (1950 - 2050)6.0 and higher4.0 - 5.92.0 - 3.90 - 1.9No DataMetric tons of CO2 Emissions (millions)Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions (1751 - 2017)1,401 and higher1,201 - 1,4001,001 - 1,200801 - 1,000601 - 800401 - 600201 - 4001 - 2000No DataPercent of total population in urban areasUrbanization (1950 - 2050)70 - 100%30 - 69%0 - 29%No DataAvg. number of years of lifeLife Expectancy (1950 - 2050)80 and higher60 - 7940 - 59Under 40No DataHuman altered lands by typeHuman Land Use (1700 - 2015)Dense SettlementsVillagesRangelandsSeminatural LandsWildlandsCroplands
Key:   1,000,000 People    1,000,000 People (Annotated)     Milestone
ANIMATE MAP & TIMELINE  
1 CE100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100

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